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Turks in London or London Turks refers to Turkish people who live in London, the capital city of the United Kingdom. The Turkish community in the United Kingdom is not evenly distributed across the country. As a result, the concentration of the Turks is almost all in Greater London. The Turks have created Turkish neighbourhoods mostly in North and North-East London however there are also Turkish communities in South London and the City of Westminster. == History == Turks first began to land on English shores during the seventeenth century when they had been freed from galley slavery on Spanish ships by English pirates.〔.〕 Queen Elizabeth I wanted to cultivate good relations with the Ottomans as well as trying to resist the Spanish. Thus, the release of the galley slaves was an instrument of diplomacy.〔 As a result, Murad III helped to divide the naval force intended for the Spanish Armada. This ultimately led to defeat which potentially saved England from coming under Spanish rule.〔 In 1627 there were nearly 40 Muslims living in London.〔.〕 Although their precise origins cannot be distinguished, it was the Turkish Muslim culture which made a dramatic impression on English society during the seventeenth century with the introduction of coffee houses.〔 The Turks in London worked as tailors, shoemakers, button makers and even solicitors.〔 By the early 1650s, an English merchant who had been trading in the Ottoman Levant returned to London with a Turkish servant who introduced the making of Turkish coffee. By 1652 the first coffee house had opened in London and within a decade more than 80 establishments flourished in the city.〔 In regards to modern migration, Turkish Cypriots began to migrate to London when Cyprus became a British Colony in 1878. Cypriots who arrived during this period were mainly from rural parts of Cyprus. However, it was during the early 1950s and early 1960s when immigration began to significantly increase due to hostilities on the island.〔.〕 In the 1950s and 1960s, when EOKA (the National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters), a Greek Cypriot nationalist military resistance organisation, was fighting to unite the island of Cyprus with Greece (also referred to as Enosis), many Turkish Cypriots fled their increasingly politically unstable island to seek refuge in England.〔.〕 Many of the early immigrants, both men and women, worked in the clothing industry on arrival to London. It was estimated in 1979 that 60% of Cypriot women (both Turkish and Greek) worked in this industry, many of them doing piecework at home as well as working in factories.〔.〕 By the 1970s Turkish Cypriots started to come to London as refugees because of the ongoing war on the island. In July 1974 a coup supported by the then ruling Greek military junta of Greece, tried to overwhelm the Cypriot government and its policy for an independent Cyprus. This eventually led to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The inter-communal fighting and subsequent population exchanges culminated in the division of the island which was another significant reason for large numbers of Cypriot immigration.〔.〕 In 1983, the Turkish-held area declared itself the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus which is only recognised by Turkey. By the 1990s, Turkish Cypriot migration was increasingly motivated by economic hardship due to Northern Cyprus being an unrecognized nation which is heavily reliant on Turkey.〔.〕 Finally the post 2004 migration was the result of the Republic of Cyprus' EU accession when thousands of Turkish Cypriots decided to apply for Cypriot nationality.〔.〕 Many Turkish Cypriot students have applied for Cypriot citizenship so that they no longer have to pay the steep international fees of British universities; this is because EU students are charged around one seventh of the price compared to internationals.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lower costs for Turkish Cypriots studying overseas )〕 Turkish mainland migration to London started in the mid-1970s and 1980s and was part of the wider migration wave of Turks from Turkey to Western Europe (who were guest workers). Many who came in the 1970s were originally from rural areas in Turkey whereas a significant proportion of immigrants from Turkey in the 1980s were intellectuals which included both students and highly educated professionals. The majority received support from the Turkish Cypriots living in London. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Turkish community of London」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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